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Table 2‒2. Body points and important anthropometric dimensions associated with each point. 
No.  Body Points* (Anatomical Area)  Associated Anthropometric Dimensions 
1 Vertex of Head  Height: Sitting Height, Vertical Head Clearance
Breadth/Width: Head Lateral Location
Angles: Head Tilt (back or forward) 
2 Occipital Protuberance (occiput)   
3 Ectocanthus*  Height: Eye Height
Angle: Head Tilt (with contra-lateral side) 
4 Tragion* (tragus)  Ref. Plane: Frankfurt Plane 
5 Infraorbitale*  Ref. Plane: Frankfurt Plane 
6 Cervicale (spinous process of the 7th Cervical Vertebrae)  Height: Cervical Height
Joint Center of Rotation (JCR): Lower Neck JCR 
7 Acromion*  Heights: Height of Shoulder, Acromial Height, sitting
Length/Depth: Length of Clavicle (with sternal notch)
JCR: Possible Shoulder JCR 
8 Deltoid Point*  Height: Height of Shoulder Clearances
Breadth/Width: Lateral Measure of Shoulder Clearances Length/Depth: Shoulder Clearances in Relative Position to the Wheelchair, Deltoid Arc 
9 Olecranon, Bottom*  Breadth/Width: Elbow Clearances
Lengths/Depths: Length of Upper Arm Segment 
10 Olecranon, Rear*  Breadth/Width: Elbow Clearances
Lengths/Depths: Proximal point for Length of Forearm, Forearm position relative to the Wheelchair 
11 Medial Humeral Epicondyle* (Epicondylus medialis)  Breadth/Width: Elbow Breadth
JCR: Elbow JCR 
12 Lateral Humeral Epicondyle* (Epicondylus lateralis)  Breadth/Width: Elbow Breadth
JCR: Elbow JCR 
14 Stylion*  Length: Forearm and Hand Length Calculation 
16 Dactylion III *  Length: Hand Length Calculation 
18 Metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint, II*  Breadth/Width: Hand Breadth Calculation
Length/Depth: Palm Length 
20 MCP joint, V*  Breadth/Width: Hand Breadth Calculation and Reach Measures 
21 Sternal Notch (Suprasternale, Army, 1988)  Height: Seated Height (one type of measure)
Breadth/Width: Variance from H-Point (skew)
Length/Depth: Upper Chest Thickness from Seat Back, Anterior Neck Length 
22


23
Abdominal Point, Anterior (omphalion)


 Anterior Superior Iliac Spine* (Spina iliaca anterior superior) 
Height: Waist height to the floor.
Length/Depth: Clearance Depth for tables, trays, etc.

Breadth/Width: ASIS Breadth
Angle: Pelvic Tilt
JCR: Hip JCR
24 Top of Thigh* Height: Maximum Thigh Height, Thigh Height from Floor
25 Hip Point, Lateral*  Height: Maximum Hip Height
 Breadth: Hip Breadth 
26 Thigh Point, Lateral*  Breadth/Width: Maximum Distance for lateral leg clearance, Seat pan width 
27 Knee Point Superior* (Apex patellae)  Height: Maximum Height of Lower Leg, Knee Clearance Height 
28 Knee Point Anterior*  Length/Depth: Knee Clearance Depth, Buttock-knee Length, Maximum Length of Upper Leg 
29 Femoral Epicondyle, Lateral* (Epicondylus lateralis)  Breadth/Width: Femoral Breadth (Knee breadth), Knee-knee breadth calculation JCR: Knee JCR 
30 Femoral Epicondyle, Medial* (Epicondylus medialis)  Breadth/Width: Femoral Breadth (Knee breadth), Knee-knee breadth calculation JCR: Knee JCR 
31 Popliteus*  Height: Popliteal Height Breadth: Popliteal
Breadth Depth/Length: Maximum Seat Depth, Upper Leg Length Estimate 
32 Malleolus, Lateral* (Malleolus lateralis)  Height: Lateral Malleolus Height
Breadth/Width: Lateral Distance between Ankles Length/Depth: Fibular Length JCR: Ankle JCR 
33 Malleolus, Medial* (Malleolus medialis)  Height: Medial Malleolus Height
Breadth/Width: Minimum Distance between Ankles Length/Depth: Tibial Length JCR: Ankle JCR 
34 Heel Back*  Height: Floor to Foot Height Breadth/Width: Distance between Heels Length/Depth: Position of Foot in proximity to Wheelchair, Instep Length, Functional Leg Length 
35 Medial edge of Foot* (Distal Termination of Longitudinal Arch)  Breadth/Width: Medial measure for Foot Breadth (ball-of foot breadth 
36 Lateral edge of Foot* (5th Metatarsal protuberance)  Breadth/Width: Lateral-lost portion, foot clearance when navigating, Ball-of-foot breadth 
37 Foot and leg crease* (Dorsal foot point)  Height: Foot Clearance Height Depth: Foot Clearance Depth 
38 Toe Tip* (Acropodions)  Height: Height of Toe Tip to Floor
Breadth/Width: Distance between Toe Tips
Length/Depth: Distal Measure of Toe-Tip to Wheelchair Reference Point. 
* indicates points digitized on the left and right side of the body
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