Accommodation and Compliance Series: Employees with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Information about Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

What is ASD?

According to the most recent Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder (DSM-5), ASD is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is characterized by persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts, including deficits in social reciprocity, nonverbal communicative behaviors used for social interaction, and skills in developing, maintaining, and understanding relationships. The diagnosis also requires the presence of restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities (DSM-5, 2013).

Recent revisions to the DSM combined several previously separate diagnoses, including autistic disorder, Asperger syndrome, childhood disintegrative disorder, and pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (PDDNOS) into one category called ASD. The diagnostic criterion for ASD defines a range of severity as well as describes the individual’s overall developmental status not only in social communication, but also in other relevant cognitive and motor behaviors. The revisions have been made with the hope that the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders will be more specific, reliable, and valid (Autism Research Institute, 2013).

What causes ASD?

There is no known single cause of ASD, but it is generally accepted that it is caused by abnormalities in brain structure or function. Researchers are investigating a number of theories, including the link between heredity, genetics, and medical problems. Other researchers are investigating problems during pregnancy or delivery as well as environmental factors, such as viral infections, metabolic imbalances, and exposure to environmental chemicals (Autism Society, 2013).

Does ASD require treatment?

No cure exists for ASD, but the goal of treatment is to maximize the individual’s ability to function by reducing symptoms and supporting development and learning. Each individual with ASD is unique, so each intervention plan should be tailored to address specific needs. Intervention can involve behavioral treatments, medicines, or both. No medication can improve the core symptoms of ASD, but certain medications can help control symptoms when individuals with ASD have other medical conditions. For example, antidepressants may be prescribed for anxiety and antiepileptic drugs may be used to control seizures. Addressing these conditions can improve attention, learning, and related behaviors (Mayo Clinic, 2013).