Common Questions
Is there a limit on the total length (number of runs) a ramp may have?
No, the Standards limit the rise of each run (30” max.), but not the overall length of ramps comprised of multiple runs. Since the usability of ramps decreases with length, considerably long ramp systems should be avoided where possible. (Ramps in play areas are limited to a 12” max. rise).
Are curved or circular ramps allowed?
Ramps without level landings at changes in direction typically will not meet the Standards due to resulting compound slopes. This includes most circular or curved ramps, unless the radius is large enough so that the cross slope is compliant and compound slopes are avoided. Otherwise, the curvature and slope result in uneven surfaces that makes wheelchair maneuvering difficult because not all wheels rest evenly on the surface.
Can ramps be portable or provided after construction as an adaptation?
All required ramps and curb ramps must be permanent and installed at the time of construction or alteration with few exceptions. Ramps can be provided after construction only to provide access to raised work stations in courtrooms (sufficient space must be provided in design to facilitate installation). Only ramps serving temporary structures can be temporary or portable.
Is there a maximum distance between ramp handrails?
No, only a minimum (36”) is required between handrails. The Standards do not require center or intermediate handrails on wide ramps.
Can handrails overlap ramp landings?
Along runs and landings, the minimum clear width must be measured between the leading edge of handrails. This also applies to landings required to be at least 60” by 60” where ramps change directions so that the minimum landing area remains clear.
Can handrail extensions wrap or turn?
Extensions are not required for continuous handrails along switchback or dogleg ramps or at aisle ramps serving seating in assembly areas. In alterations where the required extension would project hazardously into circulation paths, they can turn, be shorter, or avoided. Otherwise, handrail extensions must be in same direction as the ramp run.
Can handrails be mounted to guard rails?
Yes, handrails can be installed on guard rails if all applicable requirements are met.
Why is a top landing required at curb ramps if side flares are provided?
A landing at least 36” long at the top of curb ramps provides room to approach or exit ramps and turn without encountering compound slopes of flared sides. Side flares are intended mainly to prevent tripping hazards. They are not designed to accommodate wheelchair maneuvering except in alterations where space constraints preclude a compliant top landing.
Are side flares required at curb ramps?
The ADA Standards do not require that curb ramps have side flares, but limit the slope (1:10 max.) where they are provided. Side flares are advisable where pedestrian traffic may cross runs to prevent tripping hazards. Side flares are essential in alterations when space for a top landing (36” deep min.) is not available; in this instance, side flares (1:12 max. slope) are necessary to accommodate wheelchair maneuvering that will partially occur at flares in the absence of full landing space at the top unless a parallel-type curb ramp is provided.
Are detectable warnings required on curb ramps or at hazardous vehicular areas?
Under the ADA Standards, which apply primarily to facilities located on sites, detectable warnings are required at transit facilities (at curb ramps and along open drop-offs of rail station boarding platforms). Specifically, the curb ramp requirements apply only to public transportation facilities covered by DOT’s ADA Standards. Curb ramps at all other facilities are not required to have detectable warnings. New guidelines for public rights-of-ways issued by the Board will address detectable warnings on curb ramps and other transitions along public streets and sidewalks. In addition, DOT requires detectable warnings on curb ramps in projects funded by the Federal Highway Administration.
What types of facilities are covered by DOT’s ADA Standards (and are required to have detectable warnings on curb ramps)?
DOT’s ADA Standards apply to facilities used to provide “designated public transportation.” This includes transportation services state or local governments provide the general public on a regular and continuing basis by bus, rail, or other conveyance (excluding aircraft and public school transportation). DOT’s ADA Standards also apply to intercity and commuter rail stations. Curb ramp detectable warnings are required only at these facilities. Detectable warnings are required at rail station boarding platforms with open drop-offs at any transit facility, including private sector transit facilities subject to DOJ’s ADA Standards.
Why are detectable warnings no longer required for all curb ramps or at hazardous vehicular areas?
In the last update, the ADA Standards were revised to focus more clearly on facilities located on sites in recognition of separate criteria the Access Board is developing for public rights-of-ways. The public rights-of-way guidelines will address requirements for detectable warnings due to hazards to people with vision impairments along public streets and sidewalks. At facilities located on sites, various measures can help reduce hazards, including reduced traffic speeds, marked crossings with pedestrian right-of-way, and speed-bumps, and other optional traffic calming measures.
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