The Impact of Transfer Setup on the Performance of Independent Transfers: Phase I Final Report
Expert opinion on current literature
Nineteen articles met the relevancy criteria. The aspects of setup that experts felt were addressed to some degree included vertical transfer distance, transferring across a gap and position of the mobility device relative to target destination.
None of the 19 articles were scored as having strong to very strong resulting evidence. There is a consensus among studies that transferring to a higher surface implies greater exertion of the upper limb (3-6) . However, there were no studies that specifically investigated the range of heights feasibly attainable by subjects which is important for determining the suitability of existing accessibility guidelines concerning transfers (7). There was not enough evidence in any one study or combination thereof that would enable for determining how high or low, how close, and how much space is needed next to the target surface so it can be accessible by a majority of wheelchair users.
3. Nyland J, Quigley P, Huang C, Lloyed J, Harrow J, Nelson A. Preserving transfer independence among individuals with spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord. 2000;38(11):649-57.
4. Gagnon D, Nadeau S, Noreau L, Eng J, Gravel D. Trunk and upper extremity kinematics during pivot transfers performed by individuals with sipanl cord injury. Clinical Biomechanics (Bristol, Avon). 2008;23(3):279-90.
5. Gagnon D, Nadeau S, Noreau L, Eng J, Gravel D. Electromyographic patterns of upper extremity muscles during sitting pivot transfers performed by individuals with spinal cord injury. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology. 2009;19(3):509-20.
6. Gagnon D, Nadeau S, Gravel D, Noreau L, Lariviere C, McFadyen B. Movement patterns and muscular demands during posterior transfers toward an elevated surface in individuals with spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord. 2005;43(2):74-84.
7. Americans with Disabilities Act and Architectural Barriers Act Accessibility Guidelines. In: Board USA, editor. Washington DC 2004.
User Comments/Questions
Add Comment/Question