Independent Wheelchair Transfers in the Built Environment: How Transfer Setup Impacts Performance Phase 2: Final Report
Effect of Handhelds on Transfer Height
Participant preference for grab bars and backrest heights for protocols B through E are shown in Table 17. For all protocols the tall grab bars were preferred. For protocol C the medium and short back rests were almost equally preferred. Although the participants selected a grab bar and backrest height, not all participants used them when they were on the station. The numbers and percentages of participants that actually used the grab bars are shown in Table 18. Only a few people used the backrests during the transfers. For transferring higher one participant used the backrest with their trailing arm on the way back to their WMD seat after having obtained the transfer. Two participants used the backrest for the minimum height transfers. They used the backrest by their trailing arm moving back to their mobility device seat.
Table 17. Grab bar and backrest preferences for protocols B through E
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Protocol |
Tall Grab Bar |
Short Grab Bar (2.75in) |
Tall Backrest (20.0in) |
Medium Backrest (17.0in) |
Short Backrest (14.0in) |
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Protocol B |
n = 54 |
n = 17 |
NA |
NA |
NA |
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Protocol B |
n = 54 |
n = 16 |
NA |
NA |
NA |
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Protocol C |
n = 53 |
n = 18 |
n = 3 |
n = 33 |
n = 35 |
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Protocol C |
n = 53 |
n = 16 |
n = 3 |
n = 33 |
n = 33 |
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Protocol D |
n = 52 |
n = 12 |
NA |
NA |
NA |
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Protocol D |
n = 53 |
n = 11 |
NA |
NA |
NA |
|
Protocol E |
n = 53 |
n = 11 |
NA |
NA |
NA |
|
Protocol E |
n = 52 |
n = 11 |
NA |
NA |
NA |
Table 18. The use of grab bars for protocols B through E
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Protocol |
Leading Arm TO |
Trailing Arm TO |
Leading Arm FROM |
Trailing Arm FROM |
TO Second Platform Leading |
TO Second Platform Trailing |
FROM Second Platform Leading |
FROM Second Platform Leading |
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Protocol B (n=72) |
n = 56 |
n = 15 |
n = 5 |
n = 56 |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
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Protocol B (n=71) |
n = 49 |
n = 15 |
n = 2 |
n = 47 |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
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Protocol C (n=72) |
n = 54 |
n = 12 |
n = 4 |
n = 55 |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
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Protocol C (n=71) |
n = 51 |
n = 12 |
n = 1 |
n = 47 |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
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Protocol D (n=64) |
n = 43 |
n = 12 |
n = 0 |
n = 46 |
n = 60 |
n =58 |
n = 59 |
n = 58 |
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Protocol D (n=64) |
n = 43 |
n = 15 |
n = 4 |
n = 35 |
n = 58 |
n =58 |
n = 55 |
n = 51 |
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Protocol E(n=64) |
n = 46 |
n = 16 |
n = 5 |
n = 40 |
n = 55 |
n =53 |
n = 52 |
n = 51 |
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Protocol E (n=63) |
n = 44 |
n = 17 |
n = 3 |
n = 32 |
n = 54 |
n =53 |
n = 51 |
n = 51 |
The repeated measures ANOVA showed that there was a significant difference between the transfer heights when grab bars were on the station (protocols B and C) compared to when there were no grab bars or a backrest on the station (protocol A). Participants were able to transfer higher and lower with the presence of the grab bars. The results from this test are shown in Table 19.
Table 19. Repeated measures results for protocols A, B and C
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Protocol A |
Protocol B |
Protocol C |
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Highest Height Attained |
Mean |
28.7ǂ |
29.6ǂ |
29.3 |
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Highest Height Attained |
Std. Deviation |
3.9 |
4.2 |
3.5 |
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Highest Height Attained |
Median |
28.0 |
29.0 |
29.0 |
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Lowest Height Attained |
Mean |
14.5*+ |
13.6* |
13.6+ |
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Lowest Height Attained |
Std. Deviation |
4.2 |
4.1 |
4.1 |
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Lowest Height Attained |
Median |
14 |
12.3 |
12.3 |
ǂ Significant difference between A and B, p=0.001
*Significant difference between A and B, p= 0.016
+Significant difference between A and C, p=0.017
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